Submodular Functions: Extensions, Distributions, and Algorithms. A Survey

Submodularity is a fundamental phenomenon in combinatorial optimization. Submodular functions occur in a variety of combinatorial settings such as coverage problems, cut problems, welfare maximization, and many more. Therefore, a lot of work has been concerned with maximizing or minimizing a submodular function, often subject to combinatorial constraints. Many of these algorithmic results exhibit a common structure. Namely, the function is extended to a continuous, usually non-linear, function on a convex domain. Then, this relaxation is solved, and the fractional solution rounded to yield an integral solution. Often, the continuous extension has a natural interpretation in terms of distributions on subsets of the ground set. This interpretation is often crucial to the results and their analysis. The purpose of this survey is to highlight this connection between extensions, distributions, relaxations, and optimization in the context of submodular functions.